What is the fits-files? How do they differ from all the others?
The FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is a standard format used particularly for storing, transferring and processing scientific images from fields such as astronomy. FITS was first launched as an open standard in the early 1980s and has gone through several subsequent upgrades. FITS files contain not just images, but also data related to photometry and spatial calibration, and information about the origin of the image. Similar formats include FIT and FTS.
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